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Substation Automation


Lightning Protection


Lightning Strikes

In Canada, lightning flashes occur about 2.34 million times a year; with the highest levels of concentration during the summer months. While most lightning on earth is ground-to-cloud,  recent research has identified that the majority of lightning events to tall structures, such as wind...

Physical Security & Monitoring


Current Trends in Transmission and Distribution

Sargent & Lundy has provided comprehensive engineering, development, permitting, high-level consulting, construction management, and commissioning services for electric power generation and power delivery projects worldwide—approximately 2,000 clients in nearly 100 countries—since...

Breakers & Relays


Gas-insulated Switchgear Options for Substations

Switching gears in the underground BY PETR RUDENKO AND PETER GLAUBITZ, Siemens As demand for energy continues to rise, an increased number of locations around the world require suitable energy solutions that fulfill unique demands. Cities are growing, and so is the demand for power. Urban areas...

Substation Testing & Maintenance


Utilizing Fault Resistance to Test Distance Relays

Taking power grid protection to an all-new level BY JASON BUNEO & RENE AGUILAR, Megger The testing of distance relays has evolved from testing simple electromechanical relays to the newest modern microprossesor relays. Most modern relays employ advanced algorithms that not only compare the...

Substation Protection


Substation Focused on Environmental Design

One of the important trends in design of new overhead lines over the past 20 years has been development of structures and designs that are less obtrusive and more pleasing visually. Much the same process has also been going on at substations. For example, even 25 years ago, efforts had already been...

Electrical Substations

AI at the Substation Edge: Digital Twins and Predictive Maintenance for Transformers and Switchgear

From Data Collection to Insight

Modern substations generate vast amounts of data—temperatures, gas levels, vibrations, contact wear, and breaker operations. Historically, much of it went unused. Now, with advances in edge computing and AI, that data can be analyzed in real time to forecast failures before they happen.

A digital twin models the behavior of a physical asset, updating continuously with sensor input. When combined with machine-learning algorithms, it becomes a powerful tool for predictive...

Electrical Substations Articles