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Electrical Substations


Understanding the IEC 61850 Protocol in Substation Automation

The IEC 61850 protocol has become the global standard for substation automation, enabling high-speed communication, interoperability, and streamlined integration of intelligent electronic devices (IEDs). It plays a foundational role in transforming traditional substations into digital substations...

Substation Automation

RTU and HMI Redundancy in Electrical Substations

As the substation RTU takes on more applications, such as Human-Machine-Interface (HMI), alarm annunciation, math & logic and “relay communication processing”, its need for high availability increases. Anything that takes the RTU out of service – configuration change, firmware update, or...

Power Transformers


Utility Transformers

POWER TRANSFORMERS. Surplec Repair Facilities

Repairing & Remanufacturing your transformer offers a solution that is both technically and economically efficient. Through repairs, we restore a transformer to its original condition in all aspects (current, voltage and impedance). Remanufacturing, on the other hand, involves, e.g., providing...


Transformer Protection

Pennsylvania’s Yaw Bill

In a significant move for Pennsylvania’s energy sector, State Senator Gene Yaw has introduced a transformative piece of legislation aimed at modernizing the state's approach to power plant development and capacity management. The bill, which has been the subject of considerable discussion,...

Transformation

Circuit Breaker Time and Motion Testing

Determining mechanical condition of high-voltage circuit breakers

BY JOZEF LEVI, Doble Engineering Company

Life expectancy of a newly installed high-voltage circuit breaker is approximately 40 years. Throughout its life, under normal circuit conditions, the circuit breaker will operate less than ten minutes. During abnormal circuit conditions, the breaker will operate less than one minute in its lifetime.

The primary goal of circuit breaker testing is to determine the condition of the circuit breaker. Breakers have...

Transformation Articles