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Electrical Substations



Substation Testing & Maintenance

Electrical Substation Maintenance

Improving safety and methodology techniques to protect utility workers BY LARRY LAWRENCE, Lineman’s Testing Laboratories of Canada In 1990, many workplace safety hazards were consistently ignored as if they were “acceptable risk” and an expected part of a worker’s daily routine. Not...

Power Transformers


Transformer Testing & Maintenance

Radiator Fin(s) Leak Repair

Radiator fins are notorious for leaking at various locations. One of which is where the fins are attached (welded) to the horizontal bottom-run header. Measurements are taken so a weir box can be installed to cover the fin(s) that are leaking. It is preferred the weir box will cover above the...

Utility Transformers

How to Improve Transformer Protection

Using symmetrical components for fault discrimination in differential protection BY IMRAN RIZVI, ABB Inc. Classical differential protection schemes are subject to ghost differential currents due to current transformer (CT) saturation and magnetization currents. Several methods are used to counter...

Transformation

The Copper Theft Pandemic

Around the time of the financial crisis of 2008, precious metals pricing began to change drastically. Beginning in late 2007, a trend of price instability began to be seen for gold, silver, platinum, and (although not a precious metal in the traditional sense), copper.

The price of all these metals saw a tremendous upward swing that has not subsided since then. Historical curves in the range of 25 years or greater show that the...

Transformation Articles