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Electrical Substations


Why Net-Zero is Cheaper for the UK

The United Kingdom has set an ambitious target to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. This goal necessitates a comprehensive transformation of various sectors, including energy, transportation, and agriculture. While the environmental imperatives are clear, there is growing evidence...


Power Transformers


Transformer Testing & Maintenance

Transformer Diagnostic Testing

Transformer diagnostic testing: standards to diagnose equipment with Sweep Frequency Response analysis BY VOLNEY NARANJO, Megger Sweep Frequency Response Analysis (SFRA) has become a powerful tool in advanced power transformer assessments and probably one of the main and first tools used to...


Transformation

Geomagnetic Disturbances: A Danger to the Power Grid

In 1989, the Québec grid collapsed as equipment protection relays tripped in a cascading sequence of events. Six million consumers were left without power for up to nine hours. The cause of this major outage was a geomagnetic disturbance (GMD).

Geomagnetic disturbances occur during solar storms caused by charged particles, that are ejected by the sun toward Earth. These high-energy particles, known as a coronal mass ejection, can travel to Earth in 14 to...

Transformation Articles